Kabuki is well known for its exaggerated acting, flamboyant costumes and makeup, and unnatural storylines. The onnagata , usually male actors who perform the roles of women, have been an important aspect of kabuki since its beginnings in the 17th century. In a ?labyrinth? of gendering, the practice of men playing women?s roles has affected the manifestations of femininity in Japanese society. In this case study of how gender has been defined and redefined through the centuries, Maki Isaka examines how the onnagata ?s theatrical gender ?impersonation? has shaped the concept and mechanisms of femininity and gender construction in Japan. The implications of the study go well beyond disciplinary and geographic cloisters.