Some of the more recent efforts in tuberculosis (TB) and trypanosomiasis drug discovery from both Product Development Partnerships (PDPs) and academia are highlighted in this this volume. Drug discovery approaches include both target- and phenotypic whole cell screening- approaches. Regarding the latter, mechanism of action studies through target identification are also illustrated. Provides an overview of the status of some of the current novel compounds in development as well as new emerging treatment options targeting novel mechanisms of action Identification of hits from phenotypic whole cell screening, followed by target identification Strategies aimed at improving the efficacy of existing clinically used anti-TB drugs by taking advantage inhibitors of mycobacterial transcriptional regulators to boost the anti-tubercular activity, and circumvent acquired-resistance