The general scenario of the chemical production in the world is gradually changing under the unavoidable pressure generated in the last twenty years by the need to produce in a sustainable and environmentally friendly way. The natural targets of the book are the basic and advanced courses in industrial chemistry, but it can also serve as a basis to treat only basic aspects or specific topics. The text is divided into two parts: the first defines the basic principles of industrial chemistry (from gas properties to catalysis, to energy and mass balances, to reactor design) with a focus on sustainability. The second part of the book analyses a selection of processes in all their aspects. Rather than giving a general overview of chemical processes, for which there are valuable encyclopedias that are regularly updated, it is of greater educational interest to focus the attention on a few specific cases, illustrative of the principles presented in the first part.