This book provides a unique exploration of the mechanical properties of graphene and graphene-based materials, with a focus on elastic constants, tensile strength, hardness, and deformation behavior. It emphasizes the critical link between structure and mechanical properties, highlighting how atomic-scale characteristics influence macroscopic performance. This connection is further surveyed through molecular dynamics studies, providing a bridge between theoretical predictions and experimental observations. With an integrated analysis of both the fundamental and applied aspects of graphene's mechanical properties, this book serves as an essential resource for researchers, engineers, and students interested in understanding how this family of materials can be harnessed for advanced material design and application.