Breastfeeding has been recognized and recommended since biblical times as the ideal way to feed children in the first few months of life, and several studies have proven the countless benefits that breastfeeding brings to the mother-child binomial, especially when it happens in the first hour of life after childbirth. This study therefore investigates which obstetric and socioeconomic variables influence the development of breastfeeding in the first hour of life. What is the role of health professionals in promoting breastfeeding? Are mothers' wishes being respected in the delivery room? The benefits of early breastfeeding for mother and newborn are discussed, as well as the importance of prenatal care during pregnancy and some programs to encourage breastfeeding. This book should be very useful for health professionals and/or women who have children or want to become pregnant.