This book focuses on the advantageous features of membrane technology in petroleum industries, with an emphasis on membrane materials and the application of membranes in the separation of olefin-paraffin, oil-water, aliphatic-aromatics, heavy metals, etc., along with other applications like waste management, sulphur emission, enhanced oil recovery and so forth. It also discusses the design and development of membranes from novel materials, the challenges of new materials for membrane applications, membrane-based processes and the application of novel membrane-based processes in the petroleum industry. Features: Addresses the fundamental applications of membranes in petroleum industrial separation processes Highlights the role of membrane technology in waste management in petroleum industries Includes novel engineered membrane materials Discusses methods of extracting valuable substances from produced water and membrane fouling control Emphasises solving industrial problems pertinent to membrane usage This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in chemical and petroleum engineering and membrane technology.