Plant breeding is the science concerned with the modification of the traits of plants for the generation of improved characteristics. These include high yield, drought tolerance, disease resistance and adaptability. Classical plant breeding is developed around the practices of selection and interbreeding. It relies on the technique of homologous recombination between chromosomes for generating genetic diversity. The in vitro techniques of embryo rescue and protoplast fusion are used for creating hybrid plants. Radiation, chemical mutagens and transposons can also be used to create mutated plants. This book provides comprehensive insights into the diverse areas of plant breeding. It traces the progress of this field and highlights some of its key concepts and techniques. A number of latest researches have been included to keep the readers up-to-date with the global concepts in this area of study.